Fusion Welding: Babban Ƙarfin Welding na Masana'antu

Fusion waldi shine nau'in walda wanda aka fi amfani dashi. Tare da fa'idodin samun damar haɗuwa da faranti mai kauri da samun ƙarfin walƙiya mai ƙarfi, ya zama fasaha mai mahimmanci a fannoni kamar sifofin ƙarfe, tasoshin matsa lamba, da ginin jirgi. Ya hada da hanyoyi daban-daban kamar garkuwar karfen baka mai garkuwa (SMAW), walda karfen iskar gas (GMAW), da waldawar Laser, daga cikinsu na farko sune “nau’in da aka saba amfani da su” wajen samar da masana’antu da kiyayewa.

(I) Garkuwar Karfe Arc Welding (SMAW): Mai sassauƙa da dacewa "Duk-Rounder"

Garkuwar ƙarfe baƙar walda (SMAW) ita ce hanya mafi mahimmanci da sassauƙar walda. Yana narkar da karafa ta cikin zafin baka tsakanin lantarki da kayan aiki. Tare da kayan aiki mai sauƙi da ƙananan ƙofofin aiki, ya dace musamman don kiyayewa a kan wurin, samar da yanki guda ɗaya / ƙarami, da walƙiya na sifofi masu rikitarwa.

1. Ƙa'idar Ƙa'ida da Ƙarfafa Kayan aiki

Ka'ida: Rubutun da ke gaban ƙarshen lantarki yana ƙonewa don samar da iskar gas mai kariya, keɓe iska. Zafin baka yana narkar da jigon wutar lantarki da kayan aikin don samar da narkakken tafkin. Bayan sanyaya, ragowar rufin yana samar da slag don kare karfen weld.

Kayan aiki: AC ko DC Arc welding machine, walda electrode mariƙin, walda lantarki (wanda aka zaba bisa ga tushe karfe; misali, E4303 electrodes yawanci amfani ga low-carbon karfe), da kuma kayan kariya (waldi hula, safofin hannu masu rufi, tufafin walda).

2. Mabuɗin Aiki

Pre-Welding Preparation: Electrodes suna buƙatar bushe bisa ga buƙatun (150-200 ° C don lantarki na acidic, 350-400 ° C don kayan lantarki na asali). Cire mai, tsatsa, da sikelin oxide daga farfajiyar aikin don guje wa porosity; daidaita halin yanzu bisa ga kauri na farantin, gabaɗaya bin ka'idar "10-15A a kowace mm na kauri farantin" (misali, 60-90A don faranti mai kauri 6mm).

Tsarin walda: kunna baka ta amfani da "hanyar zazzage" (mai kama da bugun wasa) ko "hanyar taɓawa" (tasirin lantarki kai tsaye akan kayan aiki). Sarrafa tsayin baka a 10-15mm (kimanin 0.8-1.2 sau diamita na lantarki); kula da kwana na 60-80 ° tsakanin lantarki da workpiece, da kuma matsawa a wani uniform gudun tare da waldi shugabanci. Sarrafa girman ruwan narkakkarwa zuwa diamita na lantarki sau 1.5-2 don guje wa ƙarfafa walda wanda babban tafki mai narkakkarwa ya haifar ko rashin haɗuwa saboda ƙaramin narkakkar tafki.

Jiyya Bayan-welding: Bayan sanyaya, yi amfani da guduma don tsaftace slag. Bincika saman walda don lahani kamar porosity, undercut, and slag inclusion. Yi gwajin mara lalacewa idan ya cancanta.

3. Aikace-aikace na al'ada da iyakancewa

Al'amuran aikace-aikacen: Tsarin ƙarfe na gini, gyaran bututun mai, walƙiya ɓangaren inji, ginin gada, da sauransu, musamman dacewa da yanayin waje ko waɗanda ba tare da tsayayyen wutar lantarki ba.

Ƙimar: Ƙarƙashin haɓakar walda (aiki na hannu), ingancin walda yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar basirar mai aiki, kuma bai dace da kayan aiki mai sauƙi ba kamar aluminum gami da bakin karfe.