No ke aha e hiki ʻole ai i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea ke hana me ka ʻole o nā huila paʻa?

I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumu waiwai aila a me ke kinoea i loko o ka Honua, ua lilo nā ʻāpana puʻupuʻu paʻa paʻa i mea ʻoi loa o ke kanaka i ka hakakā ʻana me nā kumu pōhaku paʻa, e lilo ana i mea hōʻoia paʻa no ka hoʻolālā honua hohonu o Kina.

Ma kahi mamao ʻo Tarim Basin, ʻo ka luawai Yuejin 3-3XC o "Deep Earth No. 1" ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hohonu o 10,000 mika. ʻO kēia wahi, me kona kūlana honua paʻakikī loa, ke koi ikaika nei i nā huahana drill bit. ʻO ka mea e lanakila ai i kēia mau kaiapuni paʻakikī, ʻo ia nā "niho hao a me nā ʻāwae kila" i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana paʻakikī.

I.  Nā Kūlohelohe o ka Honua Hohonu, Nā pilikia wili

Ke neʻe nei ka ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea o Kina i loko o nā papa hohonu a hohonu loa, ke alo nei nā māla aila i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi i hōʻike ʻia e "ʻekolu ultras a hoʻokahi kiʻekiʻe" - ka hohonu hohonu, ka wela kiʻekiʻe loa, ka puʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ʻike sulfur kiʻekiʻe.

Ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, paʻakikī nā pahu drill maʻamau e hana. Ua pau koke nā ʻāpana wili mea kahiko, pōkole ke ola lawelawe, a haʻahaʻa ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea hou.

ʻO ka ikehu ke koko ola o ka ʻoihana. Ua lilo ka ʻaila hohonu a me ka waiwai kinoea i mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka aila a me ke kinoea o Kina, no laila he mea nui ia e lanakila ai i nā pilikia ʻenehana wili.

II.  ʻO nā Alloy Paʻa: ʻO ka mea hana nui no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hana paʻakikī

Ua lilo nā ʻeleu paʻa i mea kūpono no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka aila a me ke kinoea ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa.

Hana ʻia lākou ma ka sintering tungsten, cobalt, a me nā pauka metala ʻē aʻe i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e loaʻa ana ka paʻakikī ma mua o 90 ma ka pālākiō Mohs-ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea kila kahiko.

III.  Nā Kūlana ʻenehana a me nā hana hou

No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻokumu hohonu a paʻakikī hoʻi, hoʻomau ka ʻenehana drill bit alloy hard i ka hana hou.

ʻO nā ʻokiʻoki daimana polycrystalline (PDC) i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea e hoʻopili ʻia me kahi kino hui paʻa paʻa a me kahi papa daimana i hui pū ʻia me ia.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kino i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻāpana ʻelua-ʻo ke kumu o loko i hana ʻia me ka puʻupuʻu paʻa paʻa paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me kahi papa waho i hana ʻia me ka paipu paʻa paʻa paʻa kiʻekiʻe, kūʻē i ka ʻaʻahu, me kahi paipu lahilahi metala ʻoi aku ka wela i hoʻokomo ʻia ma waena o lākou.

ʻO kēia hoʻolālā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kumu o ka substrate alloy paʻakikī e loaʻa i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻili o waho e hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūʻokoʻa erosion kūʻokoʻa, kūpono ia no nā kūlana wili kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe.

IV.  Hōʻike ka maikaʻi o ka noi i ka waiwai

He koʻikoʻi ko nā ʻāpana drill alloy paʻa i ka hana ʻaila ʻaila. Hiki iā lākou ke hana maʻalahi i nā papa pōhaku paʻakikī, e like me ka granite a me ka quartzite.

Hōʻike ʻia nā pihi pihi hao paʻa ʻoʻoleʻa kiʻekiʻe loa a kūʻē kūʻē kūʻē, e hiki ai iā lākou ke kū i ka hakakā nui a me ka ʻaʻahu i ka wā o nā hana wili lōʻihi.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hao paʻa paʻa i ke kūpaʻa hopena maikaʻi loa, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomanawanui i nā hopena hikiwawe i ka wā o ke kaʻina wili, e hōʻoia ana i ka paʻa a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā hana wili.

V.  Nā Manaʻo a me nā pilikia e hiki mai ana

China's "14th Five-Year Plan" explicitly emphasizes enhancing oil and gas supply capacity and improving development standards, charting the course for the advancement of hard alloys in the oil and gas drilling sector.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hohonu o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana, e piʻi aʻe nā koi hana no nā bit drill alloy hard.

Ke nānā nei nā ʻoihana ʻoihana i ka noiʻi, hoʻomohala, a me ka hana ʻana i nā pihi pihi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā substrates PDC kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻili ʻaila a me ke kinoea. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai hohonu, e hoʻoikaika ana e hoʻoholo i nā pilikia "bottleneck" i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka ikehu aupuni a me nā mea ʻeli pōhaku.