Chidule cha mbiri ya PDC ndi PDC bit

Polycrystalline diamondi yaying'ono (PDC) ndi PDC kubowola bits adayambitsidwa pamsika kwazaka makumi angapo. Munthawi yayitali iyi PDC cutter ndi PDC drill bit akumana ndi zopinga zambiri koyambirira kwawo, adakumananso ndi chitukuko chachikulu. Pang'onopang'ono koma pomaliza, ma bits a PDC pang'onopang'ono adalowa m'malo mwa ma cone ndikuwongolera mosalekeza mu chodula cha PDC, kukhazikika pang'ono, ndi kapangidwe kake ka hydraulic. PDC tsopanokukhalakuposa 90% ya onse akubowola kanema padziko lonse.

PDC Cutter idapangidwa koyamba ndi General Electric (GE) mu 1971. Odula PDC woyamba pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi adachitika mu 1973 ndipo ali ndi zaka 3 zoyeserera ndikuyesa kumunda, adayambitsidwa malonda mu 1976 atatsimikiziridwa mochulukira. yothandiza kuposa kuphwanya zochita za mabatani a carbide.

Kale, mawonekedwe a PDC cutter anali motere:  nsonga yozungulira ya carbide, (m'mimba mwake 8.38mm, makulidwe a 2.8mm),               diamondi  (    0.5 mm yopanda chamfer pamwamba. Panthawiyo, panalinso chodulira cha Compax "slug system" PDC. Mapangidwe a chodula ichi anali motere: PDC complex weld to cemented carbide slug kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyika pazitsulo zobowola zitsulo, potero zimabweretsa kuphweka kwakukulu kwa wojambula.

Mu 1973, GE idayesa PDC yake yoyambirira pachitsime ku King Ranch kumwera kwa Texas. Pa kuyesa pobowola ndondomeko, kuyeretsa vuto pang'ono ankaona kuti alipo. Mano atatu analephera pa mfundo yolimba, ndipo mano ena awiri anathyoka pamodzi ndi mbali ya tungsten carbide. Pambuyo pake, kampaniyo idayesa kubowola kwachiwiri kudera la Hudson ku Colorado. Kubowola uku kwasintha mawonekedwe a hydraulic pavuto loyeretsa. Bityo yachita bwino kwambiri pamapangidwe a sandstone-shale ndi liwiro loboola mwachangu. Koma pali zopatuka zingapo panjira yomwe idakonzedwa pakubowola, ndipo kutayika pang'ono kwa odulira a PDC kudachitikabe chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwamadzi.

Mu April 1974, kabowo kachitatu kanayesedwa m'dera la San Juan ku Utah, USA. Kang'ono kakang'ono kameneka kamapangitsa kuti mano apangidwe bwino komanso mawonekedwe ake. Chidutswacho chinalowa m'malo mwa tizitsulo tazitsulo tachitsulo m'chitsime chapafupi, koma mphunoyo inagwa ndipo pang'onoyo inawonongeka. Panthawiyo, zinkaganiziridwa kuti zidzachitika pafupi ndi mapeto a kubowola kuti apange mapangidwe olimba, kapena vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kugwa kwa nozzle.

Kuyambira 1974 mpaka 1976, makampani osiyanasiyana obowola ndi amalonda adawunika kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa PDC cutter. Mavuto ambiri omwe analipo anali okhudza kafukufuku. Zotsatira za kafukufuku woterewu zidaphatikizidwa m'mano a Stratapax PDC, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi GE mu Disembala 1976.

Kusintha kwa dzina kuchokera ku Compax kupita ku Stratapax kunathandizira kuthetsa chisokonezo m'makampani ang'onoang'ono pakati pa ma bits okhala ndi tungsten carbide compacts, ndi diamondi Compax.

Odula a GE a Stratapax omwe amapezeka poyambitsa zinthu, 1976

M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 90, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri teknoloji ya chamfering pa PDC kudula mano, teknoloji ya multichamfer inakhazikitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a patent mu 1995. akhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 100%.

M'zaka za m'ma 1980, onse a GE Company (USA) ndi Sumitomo Company (Japan) adaphunzira kuchotsa cobalt pamalo ogwirira ntchito a mano a PDC kuti mano agwire bwino ntchito. Koma sanapeze chipambano chamalonda. Tekinoloje idapangidwanso ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Hycalog（USA）. Zinatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati zitsulo zachitsulo zingathe kuchotsedwa pamtengo wambewu, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mano a PDC kudzakhala bwino kwambiri kotero kuti pang'onopang'ono akhoza kubowola bwino muzinthu zolimba komanso zowonongeka. Ukadaulo wochotsa cobalt umathandizira kukana kwa mano a PDC pamatanthwe olimba kwambiri ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito.mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PDC.

Kuyambira mu 2000, kugwiritsa ntchito ma bits a PDC kwakula mwachangu. Mapangidwe omwe sakanatha kubowoledwa ndi ma PDC bits pang'onopang'ono amatha kubowoleredwa mwachuma komanso modalirika ndi ma PDC drill bits.

Pofika mchaka cha 2004, pamakampani obowola, ndalama zamsika za PDC zidakhala pafupifupi 50%, ndipo mtunda wobowola udafika pafupifupi 60%. Kukula kumeneku kukupitirirabe mpaka lero. Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola ku North America ndi ma PDC bits.

Chithunzicho ndi cha D.E. Scott

Mwachidule, kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 70 ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, odula a PDC pang'onopang'ono alimbikitsa kukula kosalekeza kwa makampani obowola pofufuza mafuta ndi gasi ndikukumba. Zotsatira zaukadaulo wa PDC pamakampani obowola ndizambiri.

Otsatira atsopano pamsika wamano apamwamba a PDC odula, komanso makampani akuluakulu obowola, akupitiliza kutsogolera kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso zinthu zatsopano ndi njira zopangira kuti magwiridwe antchito a PDC odula mano ndi ma PDC kubowola apitirire patsogolo.