Mbiri ya Tungsten

Tungsten ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi chizindikiro W ndipo ali ndi nambala ya atomiki 74, yomwe imatha kutchedwanso wolfram. Tungsten ndizovuta kupezeka m'chilengedwe ngati tungsten yaulere, ndipo nthawi zonse imakhazikitsidwa ngati mankhwala ndi zinthu zina.

Tungsten ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya ore. Iwo ndi scheelite ndi wolframite. Dzina lakuti Wolfram limachokera ku lomaliza. M’zaka za m’ma 1500, anthu ogwira ntchito m’migodi ananena kuti pali mchere womwe nthawi zambiri umatsagana ndi malata. Chifukwa cha mtundu wakuda ndi maonekedwe a ubweya wa mchere woterewu, ochita mgodiwo ankatcha mtundu uwu wa ore“wolfram”. Zinthu zakale zatsopanozi zinalembedwa koyamba ku Georgius Agricola’s buku, De Natura Fossilium mu 1546. Scheelite inapezeka mu 1750 ku Swede. Woyamba kuyitcha Tungsten ndi Axel Frederik Cronstedt. Tungsten imapangidwa ndi magawo awiri, tung, kutanthauza kuti molemera mu Swedish, ndi sten, kutanthauza mwala. Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1780, Juan José de D´Elhuyar anapeza kuti wolfram inali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi scheelite. M’mabuku a Juan ndi a m’bale wake, anapatsa chitsulochi dzina latsopano lakuti wolfram. Pambuyo pake, asayansi ambiri adafufuza zitsulo zatsopanozi.

Mu 1847. injiniya wina dzina lake Robert Oxland anapereka patent yokhudzana ndi tungsten., yomwe ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri yopita ku chitukuko.

Mu 1904, mababu oyamba a tungsten anali ovomerezeka, omwe adalowa m'malo mwazinthu zina mwachangu, monga nyali zosagwira ntchito bwino za kaboni pamisika yowunikira.

M'zaka za m'ma 1920, kupanga zojambula zimafa ndi kuuma kwakukulu, komwe kuli pafupi ndi diamondi, anthu adapitirizabe kupanga zinthu za carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti.

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, chuma chikukula kwambiri komanso kukula. Tungsten carbide imakhalanso yotchuka kwambiri ngati chida chamtundu, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zambiri.

Mu 1944, K C Li, Purezidenti wa Wah Chang Corporation ku US, adasindikiza chithunzi mu Engineering & Mining Journal yotchedwa: "Kukula kwa Zaka 40 za Mtengo wa Tungsten (1904-1944)"kusonyeza kukula kwachangu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tungsten ntchito m'munda wa zitsulo ndi chemistry.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndi chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, anthu akhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pazida ndi zipangizo zawo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusinthidwa kosalekeza kwa mankhwala a tungsten carbide. Ngakhale pakali pano, anthu akufufuzabe ndikupanga chitsulo ichi kuti apereke ntchito yabwino komanso chidziwitso.

Nayi ZZBETTER. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zinthu za tungsten carbide ndipo mukufuna zambiri ndi zambiri, mutha KULUMIKIZANA NAFE pa lamya kapena makalata kumanzere, kapena TITUMIZANI MAIME pansi pa tsamba.