Sei Oiri uye Gasi Kucherwa Kusingagone Kuita Pasina Hard Alloys?

Kana uchiongorora zviwanikwa zveoiri negasi zvakadzika mukati mePasi, zvibooreso zvakaomarara zvinova chishandiso chakapinza chevanhu mukurwisa kuumbwa kwedombo rakaomarara, rinoshanda sechivimbiso chakasimba chezano reChina repasi-pasi.

Munzvimbo iri kure yeTarim Basin, iyo Yuejin 3-3XC tsime re "Deep Earth No. 1" yakatopfuura kudzika kwekuchera kwemamita 10,000. Nzvimbo iyi, nemamiriro ayo ejoloji akaoma zvikuru, inoisa zvichemo zvakaomarara pazvigadzirwa zvemadhiri. Chinokunda idzi nharaunda dzakaoma "mazino esimbi uye shaya dzesimbi" dzakagadzirwa neakaoma alloys.

I.  Matambudziko Epasi Pakadzika, Matambudziko Ekuchera

Sezvo kuongorora kwemafuta negasi kweChina kuri kufambira mberi muzvikamu zvakadzika uye zvakadzika, minda yeoiri yakatarisana nenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa dzinozivikanwa ne "matatu ekupedzisira uye imwe yakakwira" - yakadzika-yakadzika, yakanyanya-yakanyanya tembiricha, yakanyanya-yakanyanya kudzvanywa, uye yakakwira sarufa.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zviboorero zvakajairika zvinonetsa kuita. Zviboo zvechinyakare zvinopera nekukasira, zvine hupenyu hupfupi hwesevhisi, uye kushomeka kwemaitiro, kutadza kuita zvinodiwa nekuchera mafuta negasi kwemazuva ano.

Simba ndiro hupenyu hweindasitiri. Mafuta epasi-yakadzika uye gasi zviwanikwa zvave kumberi kwakakosha mukuvandudza kweoiri uye gasi kuChina, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kukunda matambudziko ekuchera tekinoroji.

II.  Hard Alloys: Chishandiso Chinokosha cheKubata Maumbirwo Akaoma

MaHard alloys ave chinhu chakanakira kuchera oiri negasi nekuda kwe kuoma kwazvo, kusimba kukuru, uye kusapfeka zvakanaka.

Izvo zvinogadzirwa ne sintering tungsten, cobalt, uye dzimwe simbi hupfu patembiricha yakakwira, zvichiita kuoma kweinopfuura 90 pachiyero cheMohs—kupfuura kwazvo simbi yechinyakare.

III.  Kubudirira kweTekinoroji uye Mamiriro Ekuvandudza

Kugadzirisa zvakadzika uye zvakanyanya kuomarara maumbirwo, hard alloy drill bit tekinoroji inoenderera mberi nekuvandudza.

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) macheki anoshandiswa muoiri uye gasi kuchera ane yakaoma alloy inoumbwa muviri uye yedhaimani layer yakabatanidzwa nayo.

The hard alloy composite body inoshandisa dual-layer structure—yemukati core yakagadzirwa nehigh-toughness hard alloy silinda uye yekunze layer yakagadzirwa neyakaomarara, isingapfekeri-iviri yakaoma alloy chubhu yakaiswa pakati pawo.

Iyi dhizaini inovimbisa kuti musimboti weiyo yakaoma alloy substrate ine yakanyanya kuoma uye kusimba, nepo kunze kwekunze kunopa kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kusarudzika kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakakwirira-inokanganisa uye yakakwirira-kukukurwa kwemamiriro ekuchera.

IV.  Kubudirira Kwekushandisa Kunoratidza Kukosha

Hard alloy drill bits anoita basa rakakosha mukuchera oiri. Ivo vanogona kubata nyore nyore akasiyana matombo akaomarara, senge granite uye quartzite.

Hard alloy bhatani mabhiti anoratidza kuoma kwakanyanya uye kushamisa kupfeka kuramba, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kutsungirira kukweshana kukuru uye kusakara panguva yekuchera kwenguva refu.

Hard alloy zvinhu zvinopawo zvakanakisa kukanganisa kupikisa, zvichivabvumira kuti vatsungirire zvakasiyana-siyana zvinongoerekana zvaitika panguva yekuchera, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kuenderera mumabasa ekuchera.

V.  Tarisiro Yeramangwana NeZvinetso Zviri Mberi

China's "14th Five-Year Plan" explicitly emphasizes enhancing oil and gas supply capacity and improving development standards, charting the course for the advancement of hard alloys in the oil and gas drilling sector.

Sezvo mafuta uye gasi kuchera kwakadzika kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera kunowedzera, zvinodikanwa zvekushanda kune zvakaoma alloy drill bits zvinokwirawo.

Maindasitiri emaindasitiri ave kutarisa nezvekutsvaga, kusimudzira, uye kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro mabhatani mabhatani uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira PDC substrates yemafuta uye gasi kubviswa. Vari kuzama mukudzidza kwezvakadzika-tsime zvekuchera alloys, vachiedza kugadzirisa "bottleneck" matambudziko mukuchera simba renyika uye zvinhu zvekuchera matombo.