Intshayelelo emfutshane yePDC kunye nePDC bit mbali

I-polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) kunye ne-PDC drill bits ziye zaziswa kwimarike iminyaka emininzi. Ngeli xesha elide le-PDC cutter kunye ne-PDC drill bit baye bafumana ukusilela okuninzi kumanqanaba abo okuqala, nabo bafumana uphuhliso olukhulu. Kancinci kodwa ekugqibeleni, amasuntswana ePDC ngokuthe ngcembe athathe indawo yecone bits ngophuculo oluqhubekayo kwi-PDC cutter, uzinzo lwebit, kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-hydraulic. PDC bits ngokuhlalangaphezulu kwe-90% yetotali yokugrumba imifanekiso ehlabathini.

I-PDC Cutter yasungulwa okokuqala nguMbane oMthendeleko (GE) kwi-1971. I-PDC Cutters yokuqala ye-oyile kunye ne-gas kushishino lwenziwa kwi-1973 kwaye kunye ne-3 iminyaka yovavanyo kunye novavanyo lwentsimi, yaziswa ngokurhweba kwi-1976 emva kokuba ibonakaliswe ngakumbi. esebenzayo kuneentshukumo ezityumzayo zamaqhosha amaqhosha e-carbide.

Ekuqaleni, ubume be-PDC cutter bunje:  incam engqukuva ye-carbide, (i-diameter 8.38mm, ubukhulu be-2.8mm), kunye nomaleko wedayimane (ubukhulu be-0.5mm ngaphandle kwe-chamfer ngaphezulu). Ngelo xesha, kwakukho neCompax "slug system" yePDC cutter. Ulwakhiwo lwalo msiki lwalunje: i-PDC complex weld kwi-cemented carbide slug ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuyifaka kwi-drill body bit drill, ngaloo ndlela izisa ukulungeleka okukhulu kumyili we-drill bit.

Ngo-1973, i-GE ivavanye i-PDC yayo yokuqala kwiqula kwindawo yase-King Ranch kumazantsi eTexas. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvavanya, ingxaki yokucoca i-bit yayicatshangelwa ukuba ikhona. Amazinyo amathathu angasebenzi kwindawo edibeneyo, kwaye amanye amazinyo amabini aphuka kunye nenxalenye ye-tungsten carbide. Kamva, inkampani yavavanya i-drill yesibini kwindawo ye-Hudson yaseColorado. Le bit drill iphucule ubume be-hydraulic kwingxaki yokucoca. I-bit iphumelele ukusebenza okungcono kwi-sandstone-shale formations kunye nesantya sokomba ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kukho ukutenxa kaninzi ukusuka kumngxuma wokutsala umngxuma ocetyiweyo ngexesha lokomba, kwaye ixabiso elincinci le-PDC cutters ilahleko yenzekile ngenxa yoqhagamshelo lokubrawuza.

NgoAprili 1974, kwavavanywa isuntswana lesithathu kwindawo yaseSan Juan eUtah, eUnited States. Le ntwana iye yaphucula ubume bezinyo kunye nokumila kwebit. Intwana ithathe indawo yentsimbi yomzimba iibhithi zekowuni kwiqula elikufutshane, kodwa umbhobho wehla kwaye intwana yonakaliswe. Ngelo xesha, kwakucatshangelwa ukuba kwenzeke kufuphi nokuphela kokubhoboza ukubunjwa okunzima, okanye ingxaki ebangelwa yi-nozzle ewayo.

Ukusukela ngo-1974 ukuya ku-1976, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo ze-drill bit kunye noosomashishini bavavanya uphuculo olwahlukeneyo kwi-PDC cutter. Iingxaki ezininzi ezikhoyo bezigxile kuphando. Iziphumo zophando ezinjalo zaye zadityaniswa ngokwasemzimbeni kwi-Stratapax PDC yamazinyo, eyasungulwa yi-GE ngoDisemba 1976.

Ukutshintsha kwegama ukusuka kwiCompax ukuya kwi-Stratapax kwanceda ukuphelisa ukudideka kwishishini elincinci phakathi kweebhithi ezine-tungsten carbide compacts, kunye ne-diamond Compax.

I-GE's Stratapax cutters ekhoyo kwintshayelelo yemveliso, ngo-1976

Phakathi kwiminyaka engama-90, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa ngokubanzi iteknoloji ye-chamfering kwi-PDC yokusika amazinyo, iteknoloji ye-multi-chamfer yamkelwa ngendlela ye-patent ngo-1995. inokongezwa nge-100%.

Ngama-1980, zombini i-GE Inkampani (i-USA) kunye neNkampani ye-Sumitomo (eJapan) yafunda ukukhutshwa kwe-cobalt kwindawo yokusebenza yamazinyo e-PDC ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamazinyo. Kodwa abazange baphumelele kwezorhwebo. Itekhnoloji yaphinda yaphuhliswa kamva kwaye yanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi yiHycalog（i-USA）. Kwangqinwa ukuba ukuba izinto zetsimbi zinokususwa kwi-gap yengqolowa, ukuzinza kwe-thermal yamazinyo e-PDC kuya kuphuculwa kakhulu ukwenzela ukuba i-bit ikwazi ukubhobhoza ngcono kwiifom ezinzima kunye nezibi kakhulu. Le teknoloji yokususa i-cobalt iphucula ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kwamazinyo ePDC kulwakhiwo oluluqilima kakhulu lwamatye kwaye yandisa ngakumbi isicelo.uluhlu lwamasuntswana ePDC.

Ukuqala ngo-2000, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PDC bits kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza. Ulwakhiwo olungenako ukugrunjwa ngamasuntswana e-PDC ngokuthe ngcembe luye lwakwazi ukugrunjwa ngokwezoqoqosho nangokuthembekileyo nge-PDC drill bits.

Ukusukela ngo-2004, kwishishini le-drill bit, ingeniso yemarike ye-PDC drill bits ithathe malunga ne-50%, kwaye umgama wokomba ufikelele phantse kuma-60%. Olu lwando lusaqhubeka unanamhla. Phantse zonke ngoku ezisetyenziswayo kuMntla waseMelika izicelo zokomba zizisuntswana zePDC.

Umfanekiso uvela ku-D.E. Scott

Ngamafutshane, oko yasungulwa ngeminyaka yoo-70s kwaye yafumana ukukhula okucothayo kokuqala, abasiki bePDC baye bakhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini le-drill bit yokuhlola i-oyile kunye negesi kunye nokugrumba. Impembelelo yeteknoloji yePDC kushishino lokomba likhulu.

Abangeneli abatsha kwiimarike ezikumgangatho ophezulu we-PDC wokusika amazinyo, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zokugaya, ziqhubeka zikhokela ukuguqulwa kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kwe-PDC yokusika amazinyo kunye ne-PDC drill bits ingaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo.