Umahluko phakathi kweWelding eWalekeneyo kunye noKujongana nzima

Ukugqithiswa kwe-welding kunye nokujongana kanzima zimbini iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini lokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwamacandelo aphantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima. Ngelixa zombini iinkqubo zijolise ekuphuculeni iipropathi zomphezulu wemathiriyeli, kukho iiyantlukwano ezahlukileyo kwisicelo sazo, imathiriyeli esetyenziswayo, kunye neziphumo zeempawu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukungafani phakathi kwe-welding engaphezulu kunye nokujongana nzima ngokwenkqubo, izixhobo, kunye nezinto eziluncedo kunye nezithintelo.

Yintoni i-Overlay Welding

Iwelding eyolekayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cladding okanye i-surfacing, ibandakanya ukubeka umaleko wemathiriyeli ehambelanayo kumphezulu wesiseko sesinyithi. Oku kufezekiswa ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-arc welding (SAW), i-gas metal arc welding (GMAW), okanye i-plasma transfer arc welding (PTAW). Izinto ezigqithisiweyo zikhethwa ngokusekelwe ehambelanayo kunye nesiseko sesinyithi kunye neempawu ezifunwayo zomhlaba.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiWelding eWalekeneyo:

1. I-Weld Overlay: Kulo buchule, izinto ezigqithisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ziyintsimbi ye-weld filler, enokuba yintsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni, insimbi engenasici, okanye i-alloy-based alloy. I-weld overlay material ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ekuxhathiseni ukubola, ukumelana nokunxiba, okanye iimpawu zokushisa okuphezulu.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuWelding:

1. I-Versatility: Ukugqithiswa kwe-welding kuvumela ukuba uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zisetyenziselwe ukuguqulwa komphezulu, ukunika ukuguquguquka ekulungiseni iimpawu zokugqithisa ngokweemfuno ezithile.

2. Iindleko eziSebenzayo: Ukugqithiswa kwe-welding kunika isisombululo esineendleko zokuphucula iimpawu zomgangatho wamacandelo, njengoko kuphela umlinganiselo omncinci wezinto ezibizayo usetyenziswa kwisiseko sesinyithi.

3. Ukulungiswa kwamandla: Ukugqithiswa kwe-welding kungasetyenziselwa ukulungisa iindawo ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezigugileyo, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yamacandelo.

Unyino lweWelding eWalekeneyo:

1. Amandla oMbhobho: Amandla ebhondi phakathi kwezinto ezigqithisiweyo kunye nesiseko sesinyithi sinokuba yinkxalabo, njengoko ukuxhamla okungonelanga kunokubangela ukuchithwa okanye ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha.

2. Ukutyeba okulinganiselweyo: Iwelding eyongezelelweyo ikholisa ukulinganiselwa kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa zobukhulu, iyenza ingalungeli kangako usetyenziso olufuna iileya ezishinyeneyo zeempawu zomphezulu ezandisiweyo.

3. Ummandla ochaphazelekayo wokushisa (i-HAZ): Igalelo lokushisa ngexesha le-welding yokugqithisa ingakhokelela ekubunjweni kwendawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa, enokuthi ibonise iipropati ezahlukeneyo kunokugqithisa kunye nezinto ezisisiseko.

Yintoni Ukujongana Nzima

Ubuso obuqinileyo, obukwabizwa ngokuba yi-hardfacing okanye i-build-up welding, ibandakanya ukufaka umaleko ongagugiyo kumphezulu wecandelo ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwawo kwi-abrasion, ukhukuliseko kunye nefuthe. Ubuchwephesha busetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa eyona nto iphambili kukuxhathisa ukunxitywa.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekuJonga nzima:

1. I-Hard-Facing Alloys: Izinto ezijongene nobunzima ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya isiseko sesinyithi (njengentsimbi) kunye nezinto ezixutywayo ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-tungsten, okanye i-vanadium. Ezi alloys zikhethwe ngenxa yobunzima bazo obukhethekileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.

Izinto eziluncedo zokujongana nzima:

1. Ubunzima obuphezulu: Izinto ezijongene nobunzima zikhethwa ngenxa yobunzima bazo obukhethekileyo, obuvumela amacandelo ukuba axhathise ukugqoka kwe-abrasive, impembelelo, kunye nezicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

2. I-Resistance yokuGqoka: Ukujongana okunzima kuphucula kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yamacandelo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima.

3. Ukhetho lokutyeba: Ubuso obunzima bunokusetyenziswa kwiileya zobunzima obahlukeneyo, ukuvumela ukulawula okuchanekileyo kumthamo wezinto ezinxilisayo ezidityanisiweyo.

Imida yoKujongana nzima:

1. Ukuguquguquka okulinganiselweyo: Izinto ezijongana nzima zijolise ikakhulu ekuxhathiseni ukunxiba kwaye zingenakho ukuxhathisa okunqwenelekayo kwe-corrosion, iipropati zobushushu obuphezulu, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezifunekayo kwizicelo ezithile.

2. Iindleko: Ii-alloys ezijongene nobunzima zivame ukuba zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nezixhobo ze-welding ezingaphezulu, ezinokunyusa iindleko zokuguqulwa komphezulu.

3. Ukulungiswa okunzima: Emva kokuba i-hard-face layer ifakwe, kunokuba ngumngeni ukulungisa okanye ukuguqula umgangatho, njengoko ubunzima obuphezulu bezinto zenza ukuba kungabonakali.

Isiphelo:

Iwelding eyongezelelweyo kunye nokujongana nzima ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula umphezulu ezisetyenziselwa ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kunye nokuqina kwamalungu. Ukugqithiswa kwe-welding kubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukuvumela uluhlu olubanzi lweenketho kwizinto ezingaphezulu. Ifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, ukumelana nokunxiba, okanye ukuphuculwa kweempawu eziphezulu zokushisa. Ngokwahlukileyo, ubuso obunzima bujolise ikakhulu ekuxhathiseni ukunxiba, ukusebenzisa i-alloys enobunzima obukhethekileyo. Ifanelekile kwizicelo eziphantsi kwe-abrasion ebalulekileyo, ukhukuliseko, kunye neempembelelo. Ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zesicelo kunye neempawu ezifunwayo zomhlaba zingundoqo ekukhetheni ubuchule obufanelekileyo bokufezekisa iziphumo ezifunwayo.