I-Tungsten’s umlando

I-Tungsten carbide iyinhlanganisela ehlanganisa i-WC njengesigaba esinzima kanye ne-cobalt(Co) njengesigaba sokuhlanganisa.Umlando wale nhlanganisela ungalandelelwa emuva ku-1700s. Ngaleso sikhathi, abavukuzi base-Erz Mountains eSaxony Germany baqaphela ukuthi insimbi ethile yayizophazamisa ukuncishiswa kwensimbi.ci-assiterite futhi ikhiqize i-slag.But tungsten kwabaokokuqala ekhishwe ensimbi wolframiteby Juan JoseD’U-Elhuyar nomfowabo uFausto. They kwadingekabamane banciphise i-tungstic acid besebenzisa amalahle ukwenza insimbi.Ngokwenza kanjalo, bathole ngephutha ukuthi indawo ephezulu yokuncibilika yale elementi ingu3422degrees Celsius----Insimbi enephuzu eliphakeme lokuncibilikangaphezu kokuphindwe kabili indawo yokuncibilika iplatinum.Ngo-1841, usokhemisi uRobert Oxland wathola amalungelo obunikazi baseBrithani ezindleleni zokukhiqiza i-sodium tungstate, i-tungstic acid, ne-metallic tungsten. Lokhu kwaba intuthuko enkulu emlandweni wanamuhla we-tungsten chemistry futhi kwavula indlela yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-tungsten.

Ngo-1896, ukuhlanganiswa ngengozi kwe-tungsten carbide kulethe izinguquko ezishintshayo embonini futhi kunomthelela omkhulu kuwo wonke umphakathi.It yatholwa nguU-Henri MoissanubaniUmklomelo weNobelr. Ifuna ukukhiqizaan idayimane lokwenziwa, iMoisson eshisisa ushukela ne-tungsten oxide esithandweni. Ushukela wasebenza njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuze i-oxide ikhiqizee i-tungsten carbide encibilikile. Yayibonisa izinto ezithile ezifiselekayo, kodwa yayiqinile kakhulu ukuba isetshenziswe kunoma yimuphi umqondo wokuhweba.Hngaphezulu, I-Osram Lamp Works yaseBerlin i-WHOqaphelazedamandla e-carbide ngokushesha wabamba ithuba lokuthuthukisa usimende we-metallic, nezinhlayiya ze-tungsten carbide ezishunyekwa ku-matrix ye-cobalt. I-carbide yayiqinile ngendlela emangalisayo futhi iminyene ngokuphindwe kane njenge-titanium. Iimboni yasheshe yasebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-metallic ezinqubweni zayo zokukhiqiza. 

In 1913, Ukushodaofamadayimane ezimboni eJalimane aholela abacwaningi ukuba bafune enye indlela yokufa kwedayimane, esetshenziselwa ukudweba izintambo.

Inkampani yaseJalimane yesibani sikagesi ihambisa ilungelo lobunikazi le-tungsten carbide noma kanzima insimbi ngo-1923. Yenziwe "ngosimende"ngokwedlulelei-tungsten eqinileo i-carbide (WC) okusanhlamvu ku-binder matrix yensimbi eqinile ye-cobalt ngokufakwa kwesigaba soketshezi. Umphumela washintsha umlando we-tungsten: impahlalokhoihlanganisa amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, nobulukhuni obuphezulu.

Ngesikhathi somhlabaWWII, amaJalimane aba ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa i-tungsten carbide core phezulu-isivinini sezikhali-ukubhoboza projectiles. Amathangi aseBrithani acishe “ancibilika” lapho eshaywa yilawa ma-tungsten carbide projectiles.

I1950s: Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi, i-nickel, nama-superalloy asekelwe ku-cobalt kuqala ukugcwalisa isidingo sezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elimangalisayo lezinjini zejethi.

1960-1990: Tungsten carbide isngokwedlulelekanzima,Idayimane iokuwukuphela kwento engokwemvelo engakwazi ukuyiklwebha.

Nowi-adays tungsten carbide isakazeke kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufaka phakathis ukusika insimbi, ukukhanda ngokhuni, izinhlanganisela, izitsha zobumba ezithambile, ukwakheka okunganatshe (kushisa nokubanda), izimayini, ukwakhiwa, ukumba amatshe, izingxenye zesakhiwo, izingxenye ezigqokile, kanye nezingxenye zempi. Kusukela ekugibeleni ibhayisikili tiukugxila kumathuluzi okuhlinza anembile, kunzima ukuthola umkhiqizo oqinile ongasebenzisi uhlobo oluthile lwe-carbide.