Kungani Ukukhipha Uwoyela Negesi Kungenzeki Ngaphandle Kwama-Hard Alloys?

Lapho uhlola izinsiza zikawoyela negesi ekujuleni koMhlaba, izingcezu zokubhola ingxubevange eqinile ziba ithuluzi elibukhali lomuntu emzabalazweni wokulwa nokwakheka kwamadwala aqinile, asebenza njengesiqinisekiso esiqinile sesu lokujula komhlaba laseShayina.

Esigodini esikude saseTarim, umthombo we-Yuejin 3-3XC we-"Deep Earth No. 1" usuvele udlule ukujula kokumba okungamamitha angu-10,000. Le ndawo, enezimo zayo zokuma komhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ibeka izimfuno eziqinile emikhiqizweni yama-drill bit. Okunqoba lezi zindawo eziyinselele "amazinyo ensimbi nemihlathi yensimbi" eyenziwe ngama-alloys aqinile.

I.  Izinselele Zomhlaba Ojulile, Ubunzima Bokumba

Njengoba ukuhlola kukawoyela negesi eShayina kuthuthukela ezingxenyeni ezijulile nezijule kakhulu, izizinda zikawoyela zibhekene nezimo ezeqisayo ezibonakala ngokuthi "ama-ultra amathathu kanye neyodwa ephezulu"—ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, umfutho ophakeme kakhulu, nesibabule esiphezulu.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ama-drill bits ajwayelekile anzima ukwenza. Izingcezwana zokumba izinto zendabuko ziguga ngokushesha, zinesevisi emfishane, nokusebenza kahle okuphansi, ziyehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesimanje zokumba uwoyela negesi.

Amandla awumgogodla wemboni. Imithombo kawoyela negesi ejulile isiphenduke into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kukawoyela negesi eChina, okwenza kube semqoka ukunqoba izinselelo zobuchwepheshe bokumba.

II.  Ama-Hard Alloys: Ithuluzi Eliyinhloko Lokubhekana Nokwakheka Okuqinile

Ama-Hard alloy asephenduke into efanelekile yokumba uwoyela negesi ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, nokungagugi okukhethekile.

Akhiqizwa nge-sintering tungsten, i-cobalt, nezinye izimpushana zensimbi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, afinyelela ukuqina okungaphezu kuka-90 esikalini se-Mohs—okudlula kude izinto zensimbi ezivamile.

III.  Ukuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuqanjwa Kwesakhiwo

Ukubhekana nokwakheka okujulile nokuyinkimbinkimbi, ubuchwepheshe be-hard alloy drill bit buyaqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha.

Izisiki ze-polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) ezisetshenziswa ekumba uwoyela negesi zibandakanya umzimba oyinhlanganisela yengxubevange eqinile kanye nongqimba lwedayimane oluhlanganiswe nalo.

Umzimba oyinhlanganisela yengxubevange eqinile wamukela isakhiwo esinezendlalelo ezimbili—umgogodla ongaphakathi owenziwe ngesilinda esiqinile sengxubevange eqinile kanye nongqimba olungaphandle olwenziwe ngeshubhu eliqinile eliqinile eliqinile, elingagugi kakhulu, elineshubhu lensimbi eliqinile elimelana nokushisa okuphezulu elishumekwe phakathi kwawo.

Lo mklamo uqinisekisa ukuthi umnyombo we-hard alloy substrate unokuqina nokuqina okuphezulu, kuyilapho indawo yangaphandle inikeza ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokuguguleka okungavamile, okwenza ifaneleke izimo zokumba ezinomthelela omkhulu kanye nezimo zokuguguleka okuphezulu.

IV.  Ukusebenza Kwesicelo Kubonisa Inani

Izingcezu ze-Hard alloy drill zidlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yokumba uwoyela. Bangakwazi ukubhekana kalula nezingqimba ezihlukahlukene zamadwala aqinile, njenge-granite ne-quartzite.

Izinkinobho ze-Hard Alloy ziboniswa ubulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu futhi ukumelana nokugqoka okuvelele, okubenza bakwazi ukumelana nokungqubuzana okukhulu nokuguga ngesikhathi sokumba isikhathi eside.

Izinto ze-Hard alloy nazo zinikeza ukumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu, okuzivumela ukuba zibekezelele imithelela ehlukahlukene engazelelwe ngesikhathi sokumba, iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqhubeka emisebenzini yokumba.

V.  Amathemba Nezinselele Zesikhathi esizayo

China's "14th Five-Year Plan" explicitly emphasizes enhancing oil and gas supply capacity and improving development standards, charting the course for the advancement of hard alloys in the oil and gas drilling sector.

Njengoba ukujula kokumba uwoyela negesi kuqhubeka nokwanda kanye nokusebenza kahle kokumba kuyathuthuka, izidingo zokusebenza zezingcezu zokumba i-hard alloy nazo zizokhuphuka.

Amabhizinisi emboni manje agxile ocwaningweni, ekuthuthukisweni, nasekukhiqizweni kwezinkinobho zezinkinobho zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nama-PDC substrates asezingeni eliphezulu okukhipha uwoyela negesi. Bacwaninga ocwaningweni lwama-alloys okumba ajulile, belwela ukuxazulula izinselelo "zebhodlela" ekumbiweni kwamandla kazwelonke kanye nezinto zokumba amatshe.