Wehewehe o ka paakiki

Ma ka ʻepekema waiwai, ʻo ka paʻakikī ke ana o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka deformation plastic i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka indent mechanical a i ʻole abrasion. Ma keʻano laulā,ʻokoʻa nā mea likeʻole i ko lākou paʻakikī; no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā metala paʻakikī e like me ka titanium a me ka beryllium ma mua o nā metala palupalu e like me ka sodium a me ke tin metala, a i ʻole ka lāʻau a me nā plastic maʻamau. Aia nā ana ʻokoʻa o ka paʻakikī: ʻo ka paʻakikī ʻōpala, ka paʻakikī indentation, a me ka paʻakikī rebound.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka mea paʻakikī, ʻo ia ka seramika, kaʻa, kekahi mau metala, a me nā mea paʻa loa, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea palupalu.

ʻAno nui o nā ana paʻakikī

ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o ke ana ʻoʻoleʻa: kaʻala, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me ka rebound. Ma loko o kēlā me kēia papa ana, aia nā unahi ana pākahi.

(1) ʻOka paʻakikī

ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī ke ana o ke kū ʻana o ka hāpana i ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastic paʻa ma muli o ke kuʻi ʻana mai kahi mea ʻoi. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo kahi mea i hana ʻia me kahi mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e ʻoki i kahi mea i hana ʻia me kahi mea palupalu. Ke ho'āʻo nei i ka uhi ʻana, pili ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōpala i ka ikaika e pono ai e ʻoki i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka substrate. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo maʻamau ʻo ia ka paona Mohs, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mineralogy. ʻO kahi mea hana e hana ai i kēia ana ʻo ka sclerometer.

ʻO kahi mea hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻo ia ka pocket hardness tester. Aia kēia mea paahana me ka lima unahi me nā hōʻailona puka i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi kaʻa huila ʻehā. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea paahana me ka ʻoi ʻoi ma kahi kihi i koho mua ʻia i ka ʻili hoʻāʻo. No ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke kaumaha o ka nuipaʻa i ʻike ʻia i ka lima unahi ma kekahi o nā kaha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a laila huki ʻia ka mea hana ma ka ʻili hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaumaha a me nā hōʻailona hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi kaomi ʻike ʻia me ka ʻole o ka pono o nā mīkini paʻakikī.

(2) ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī

ʻO ka paʻakikī indentation e ana i ke kūʻē ʻana o kahi hāpana i ka deformation mea ma muli o ka haʻawe hoʻoemi mau mai kahi mea ʻoi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hoʻāʻo no ka paʻakikī indentation i ka ʻenekinia a me ka metallurgy. Hana nā ho'āʻo ma ke kumu kumu o ke ana ʻana i nā ana koʻikoʻi o kahi indentation i waiho ʻia e kahi indenter kikoʻī a hoʻouka ʻia.

ʻO nā unahi paʻakikī indentation maʻamau ʻo Rockwell, Vickers, Shore, a me Brinell, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

(3) Rebound paakiki

ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻa hou, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka paʻakikī ikaika, e ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka "bounce" o kahi hāmare daimana i hāʻule mai kahi kiʻekiʻe paʻa i kahi mea. Pili kēia ʻano paʻakikī i ka elasticity. ʻO ka mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e lawe i kēia ana ʻike ʻia he stereoscope.

ʻElua mau unahi e ana i ka paʻakikī rebound, ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo ʻo Leeb rebound hardness and the Bennett hardness scale.

Hoʻoholo ke ala kani ultrasonic Contact Impedance (UCI) i ka paʻakikī ma ke ana ʻana i ke alapine o kahi koʻokoʻo oscillating. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo he lāʻau metala me kahi mea haʻalulu a me kahi daimana koʻikoʻi i kau ʻia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.

ʻO ka paʻakikī o Vickers o nā mea paʻakikī i koho ʻia

ʻO Diamond ka mea paʻakikī loa i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia lā, me ka paʻakikī Vickers ma ka laulā o 70-150 GPa. Hōʻike ʻo Diamond i ka hoʻoili wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai insulating uila, a ua nui ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā noi kūpono no kēia mea.

Ua hana ʻia nā daimana synthetic no nā hana ʻoihana mai ka makahiki 1950 a ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano noi like ʻole: kelepona, laser optics, mālama olakino, ʻokiʻoki, wili a me ka wili ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

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