ʻO Fusion Welding: Ka Mana Nui o ka Hana Hana Hana

ʻO Fusion welding ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka welding category. Me nā mea maikaʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻohui i nā papa mānoanoa a me ka ikaika weld kiʻekiʻe, ua lilo ia i ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i nā kula e like me nā hale kila, nā moku kaomi, a me ka hana moku. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka pale ʻana metala arc welding (SMAW), gas metala arc welding (GMAW), a me ka laser welding, ma waena o nā mea ʻelua he "ʻano maʻamau" i ka hana ʻoihana a me ka mālama ʻana.

(I) Welding Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): ʻO ka "All-Rounder" maʻalahi a maʻalahi.

ʻO ka wiliwili metala pale (SMAW) ʻo ia ke ʻano kuʻihao maʻamau a maʻalahi. Hoʻoheheʻe ia i nā metala ma o ka wela wela ma waena o ka electrode a me ka mea hana. Me nā mea hana maʻalahi a me nā paepae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpono loa ia no ka mālama ʻana ma ka pūnaewele, ka hana hoʻokahi ʻāpana/liʻiliʻi, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hale paʻakikī.

1. Ke Kumu Kuleana a me ka Ho'ohui Lako

Kumu: ʻO ka uhi ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka electrode e puhi i ke kinoea pale, hoʻokaʻawale i ka ea. Hoʻoheheʻe ka wela arc i ke kumu electrode a me ka mea hana e hana i kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe. Ma hope o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, hana ke koena o ka uhi i ka slag e pale i ka weld metala.

Mea lako: AC a DC arc welding machine, welding electrode holder, welding electrodes (koho ʻia e like me ke kumu metala; e like me, E4303 electrodes e hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka haʻahaʻa-carbon steel), a me nā mea pale (weld helmet, insulated mīkina lima, welding lole).

2. Nā Lae Hana Nui

Pre-Welding Preparation: Pono e maloʻo nā electrodes e like me nā koi (150-200 ° C no nā electrodes acidic, 350-400 ° C no nā electrodes kumu). Wehe i ka aila, ka ʻōpala, a me ka unahi oxide mai ka ʻili mea hana e pale aku ai i ka porosity; e hoʻololi i kēia manawa e like me ka mānoanoa pā, ma muli o ke kumu o "10-15A no ka mm o ka mānoanoa pā" (e laʻa, 60-90A no nā papa kila mānoanoa 6mm).

Kaʻina hana kuʻi: E hoʻā i ke arc me ka "ʻano ʻala" (e like me ke kuʻi ʻana i kahi pāʻani) a i ʻole "ke ala hoʻopā" (ka hopena pololei o ka electrode ma ka mea hana). E kāohi i ka lōʻihi o ke arc ma 10-15mm (ma kahi o 0.8-1.2 manawa i ke anawaena electrode); E mālama i kahi kihi o 60-80 ° ma waena o ka electrode a me ka mea hana, a neʻe i ka wikiwiki like ʻole ma ke ala kuʻi. E hoʻomalu i ka nui o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hiki i ka 1.5-2 mau manawa o ke anawaena electrode e pale aku i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka weld i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe nui loa a i ʻole ka hui ʻana ma muli o kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi loa.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma hope o ka welding: Ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, e hoʻohana i ka hāmare slag e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pala. E nānā i ka ʻili weld no nā hemahema e like me ka porosity, undercut, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka slag. E hana i nā hoʻokolohua non-destructive inā pono.

3. Nā noi maʻamau a me nā palena

Nā Manaʻo Hoʻohana: Ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale kila, ka mālama ʻana i ka pipeline, ka wiliwili ʻāpana mechanical, ke kūkulu ʻana i ke alahaka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kūpono loa no nā hiʻohiʻona o waho a i ʻole nā mea lako ʻole.

Nā palena: ʻO ka maikaʻi wili haʻahaʻa (manual operation), hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka maikaʻi weld e nā mākau o ka mea hoʻohana, a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā mea maʻalahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me nā alumini alumini a me nā kila kila.