Pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka Tungsten Carbide?

    Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana Tungsten Carbide i nā noi he nui, me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana, ka wili ʻana, ke kuʻi ʻana, a me nā noi ʻē aʻe he nui. Hāʻawi ʻo Cemented Carbide i ke kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻonui i ke ola o kēia mau lole a me nā mea hana ʻoki. No ka mea, ʻo ka tungsten kāna mea nui, he kumu waiwai ʻole a hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka carbide cemented. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka carbide cemented, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona ikaika kulou ma mua o nā metala ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kila. No kēia mau kumu ʻelua, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka carbide cemented i nā metala ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka pili ʻana i ke kaula, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me ka wili. Ke kamaʻilio nei kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka tungsten carbide ma nā metala ʻē aʻe.

1. He aha ka tungsten carbide?

    ʻO Tungsten carbide (WC), i kapa ʻia ʻo ka cemented carbide, he mea hana i hana ʻia e kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia ka pauka metallurgy. Hoʻohui ʻia ka pauka WC me kahi metala paʻa, maʻamau ka cobalt a i ʻole nickel, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi mea hana preform, a laila sintered i loko o ka umu. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "cemented" e pili ana i nā ʻāpana tungsten carbide i hopu ʻia i loko o ka mea hoʻopili metala a "cemented" pū, e hana ana i kahi paʻa metallurgical ma waena o nā ʻāpana tungsten carbide a me ka binder (WC-Co), i ke kaʻina sintering. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻoihana carbide cemented i kēia mea ma ke ʻano he "carbide", ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo tungsten carbide a me ka carbide cemented.  Hōʻike ʻo Carbide i ka ikaika compressive kiʻekiʻe, kūʻē i ka deflection, a paʻa i kona mau waiwai paʻakikī i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, kahi waiwai kino e pono ai i nā noi ʻoki metala. 

2 . ʻElua mau helu e hōʻoia i ka kūleʻa i ka brazing ka tungsten carbide

A. Managing i nā koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻokoʻa

B. Hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea makua a me ka pulu ʻana o ka carbide e ka mea hao keleawe

    I ka wā hoʻomehana a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, e hoʻonui maʻamau ka metala makua kumu a hoʻopaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka carbide.  Loaʻa i ka tungsten carbide ka nui o ka hoʻonui wela ma kahi o 1/3 a 1/2 o ke kila.  I ka wā e maʻalili ai ka hui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki ke kūkulu ʻia ke koena koʻikoʻi i loko o ka carbide.  Paipai mau ʻia ka hoʻoluʻu ʻaʻahu lohi o ka carbide e pale i ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hiki ke haki. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ke kinai ʻana no ka mea hiki ke hana i nā māwae i loko o nā carbide ma muli o ka ʻoki wikiwiki ʻana o ka metala kumu makua.

3. Pehea e koho ai i ka hao keleawe

    Paʻakikī ka pulu ʻana o ka tungsten carbide. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻāpana keleawe kala me nā mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o Nickel (Ni) e hoʻopaʻa i nā carbide i ke kila. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka carbide a me ke kila i hiki i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe keleawe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo i nā ʻili male. Pono ka wili ʻana i ka ʻili carbide e hana i kahi maʻemaʻe no ka brazing. Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana i ka hoʻopalapala ʻana i ka topography o ka carbide, hiki ke kōkua me ka braze alloy wetting a adhesion. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana kila e wehe i ke koena o ka momona, ka aila, ka lepo, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea haumia ʻē aʻe.  

    · Loaʻa i ka pāʻoihana nā ʻāpana keleawe kālā me nā mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o nickel (Ni) a me Manganese (Mn) e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi i nā ʻili carbide cemented. Hōʻike maʻamau kēia mau ʻāpana keleawe i ka pulu maikaʻi ʻana o nā karbida tungsten.  Manaʻo ʻia e koho i kahi metala hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha me ka wela haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke hoʻemi i ke koena o ke koʻikoʻi i loko o ka hui.  

No ka appliʻO nā cation e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā carbide nui, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi ʻāpana braze sandwich.  Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā carbide liʻiliʻi (1/2 iniha2), he mea maikaʻi ka huila sandwich i ka pale ʻana i ka haki ʻana a me ka warpage o ka carbide. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau trimetal me kahi mea hoʻopiha keleawe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kumu keleawe.  

    · ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka brazing o ka tungsten carbide (WC), hewa mākou inā ʻaʻole mākou e haʻi i ke daimana polycrystalline a i ʻole PCD. Mālama ʻia ka mahana wela no PCD ma lalo o 1382°F (750°C) i mea e pale ai i ka hōʻino ʻia o ke daimana.  ʻO ka manawa pinepine, e hoʻohana nā mea hana o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo PCD i nā kino kila i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe-kālā hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha metala, e like me ka BAg-24 braze alloy.  Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau mea hana i ka hao hao me ka nickel a me ka manganese, e like me ka BAg-5 a i ʻole BAg-7 braze alloy, me nā haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā waiwai pulu o ka carbide a me ke kila.

    Hoʻohana ʻia kahi flux brazing e pale ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā ʻili e hui ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai ka hui.  Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka Flux me nā mea hao keleawe maʻamau.  Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka pauka flux ʻeleʻele e nā mea hana braze a me nā flux no ka mea ua hoʻohui ʻia ka boron a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

    Aia kekahi mau mea hao keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka carbide. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ʻo BAG-3, 50% kālā me Cadmium.  He huahana maikaʻi loa kēia, akā loaʻa iā Cadmium. ʻO ka BAG-7, 56% kālā me ka Tin, no ka mea hiki ke pulu; akā naʻe, he mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa nāwaliwali loa ia, a he mea maʻamau ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hui ʻana me kēia huila. ʻO ka mea hoʻohui ikaika ʻole Cadmium ʻo BAG-22, 49% kālā me ka manganese, akā he ʻano gummy i ke kahe. ʻO BAG-24, 50% kālā, ʻaʻohe cadmium a he kuʻikahi.  He kahe maikaʻi akā ma kahi o 40% nāwaliwali ma mua o BAG-3 a me BAG-22.

    Makemake nui mākou i ka Black Flux, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe braze me ka White Flux. I nā hihia ʻelua, maopopo lākou i nā fluxes wela kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻike mākou ʻo Black Flux i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e hāʻawi i ka kahe maikaʻi a me nā hui ikaika ma mua o ka Black Flux maʻamau.  

    ʻO ka ʻāpana hope loa i maʻa mau nā hewa i ka hoʻolālā hui. Makemake nā poʻe welder i aʻo ʻia e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻāpana a laila holo i kahi bead. Ke puhi lākou, makemake lākou e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻāpana a laila wick i ka hui pū ʻana i loko o ka hui.   

    I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka carbide, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao a me lalo o ka notch, a laila e kau i nā ʻāpana o ka uea alumini fluxed ma lalo o ka carbide.  ʻO nā mea a pau āu e hana ai, ʻo ia ka wela a kau ka carbide ma kahi.   

    ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia ka haki ʻana o ka carbide a i ʻole nā ​​mea kila ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka hui.