I-Laser Welding kanye ne-Electron Beam Welding: "I-High-Tech" Yokukhiqiza Okuphezulu

Ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-aerospace kanye ne-microelectronics, ukushisela kwe-fusion yendabuko kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba nokungena okujulile. Ukushisela nge-laser nokushisela i-electron beam kugqama ngezinzuzo zako "zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, nokuwohloka okuphansi."

I-Laser Welding:Isebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu (i-wavelength 1064nm noma 10.6μm) egxile endaweni yokusebenza. Izinga lokushisa elisheshayo lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-10,000°C, libona ukuncibilika ngokushesha nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsimbi. Ifaka ama-welds amancane nezindawo ezincane ezithinteke ekushiseni, okuyenza ifanelekele ukushisela izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane nezingxenye ezincane, njengabakaki bekhamera ye-smartphone nama-aero-engine blades.

I-Electron Beam Welding:Endaweni ye-vacuum, i-electron beam iyasheshiswa futhi igxile ekuqhumeni umsebenzi. Ngokuminyana kwamandla okufika ku-10^6-10^8 W/cm², ingakwazi ukuzuza ukushisela okujulile nge-aspect ratio efika ku-10:1. Ifanele izingxenye zokunemba ezinodonga oluqinile njengezingxenye ze-nuclear reactor namagiya amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inezindleko eziphakeme zemishini futhi idinga indawo engenalutho, okuholela ezimweni ezilinganiselwe zohlelo lokusebenza.

Ukwakhiwa Kwezisetshenziswa Nezinhlobo Ze-Laser

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-laser welding luhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile:

I-Laser Generator: Iguqula amandla kagesi abe yi-laser beam ehlangene.

I-Optical Transmission System: Iqondisa futhi igxilise i-beam (isb., i-fiber optics, izibuko ezikhanyayo).

Indawo yokusebenza: Ihlanganisa izinto ezilungiswayo, izilawuli ezinyakazayo (amarobhothi/izigaba eziqondile), kanye nokulethwa kwegesi evikelayo.

Amapharamitha Enqubo Ebalulekile Nemihlahlandlela Yokusebenza

Ukulawula ipharamitha ngokuqondile kunquma ikhwalithi yokushisela—ngisho nokuchezuka okuncane kungabangela amaphutha afana ne-porosity noma imifantu :

(1) Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokushisela

Ukuhlanza Izinto: Susa uwoyela, izikali ze-oxide, noma okokunamathela usebenzisa i-ethanol noma i-sandblasting. Okwezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu (i-Al, Cu), phatha ngaphambili izindawo ukuze unciphise ukubukeka kwe-laser.

I-Focal Position: Sebenzisa i-negative defocus (gxila ngaphansi kwendawo yokusebenza) ukuze ungene ngokujulile; i-positive defocus (gxila ngenhla) kumashidi amancane ukuze ugweme ukusha.

Izicelo Zemboni Nezifundo Zezimo

Ukuhlukahluka kwe-laser welding kushayela emisha kuyo yonke imikhakha:

(1) Imboni Yezokwakha & Enzima

Izakhiwo Zensimbi: Amasistimu wokushisela we-laser-arc hybrid welding enamakhanda amabili ashisela imishayo engu-20mm+ T ku-1.2m/min, enciphisa ukuwohloka ngo-50%.

Ukwakhiwa komkhumbi: Amasistimu aqondiswa yirobhothi anama-7th-axis rails ashisela amapuleti angama-115mm-thick hull ngamaphasis awodwa, axazulula inselele "yokushisela ohlangothini olulodwa, ukubumba okukabili".

(2) Ukukhiqiza Izimoto

Ukushisela okunembayo kwezingxenye zokudlulisela kusetshenziswa "ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukuzinza kwe-keyhole" ukuze kuzuzwe ukushiselwa okuyisiyingi okunganasici.

Ukushiselwa kwe-laser kwamaphaneli omzimba wemoto kunciphisa ukubalwa kwengxenye ngo-30% nesisindo ngo-15%.

(3) Amandla Athuthukile Ne-Aerospace

Amandla eNuclear: I-Fiber laser welding ye-Ni-28W-6Cr alloy (yezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe zikasawoti ezingu-850°C) ngokucindezelwa kokuqhekeka ngokusebenzisa ipharamitha yokwenza kahle.

I-Aerospace: Welding of titanium alloy engine blades enendawo encane ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ukuze kulondolozwe amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo.