I-Tungsten carbide Nozzle ye-PDC Drill Bit

    Izingcezu zokumba ze-PDC zingamathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu okuqhekeza amatshe asetshenziswa kakhulu ekumbeni uwoyela negesi, ukuhlola indawo, neminye imikhakha. I-tungsten carbide nozzle ingenye yezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko. Ivamise ukufakwa emgodini wamanzi we-PDC drill bit, ijova uketshezi lokumba olunomfutho ophezulu ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukupholisa, ukuhlanza,       nokusiza ekuqhekekeni kwe-rock. Ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngqo i-drill kodwa kunjalo

impilo yesevisi nokusebenza kahle kokumba.

I.  Indlela Yokuxhuma I-Nozzle:

    Kufanele ifane nembobo yamanzi ye-PDC drill bit. Uxhumano oluvamile ukuxhumana okunentambo (okwangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi, okunembayo engu-3A-grade kuya

    qinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu). Amanye ama-nozzles amancane asebenzisa ukulingana kokuphazamiseka (cindezela-fit), okuvimbela ukuxega ngemva kokufakwa.

II. Izici ze-Nozzle Material: I-Tungsten Carbide (WC)

    1. Ukuqina Okuphezulu Nokumelana Nokungagqoki: Ubulukhuni be-tungsten carbide bungokwesibili ngemva kwedayimane, buyenza imelane nokuguguleka kwezinhlayiya ezibolekayo oketshezini lokumba (njengetshe lesanti kanye nemfucumfucu yensimbi), okunweba ukuphila kombhobho.

    2. Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Imelana nokugqwala okuvela ezithasiselweni zamakhemikhali oketshezini lokumba (njengosawoti nama-asidi).

    3. Ukumelana Nomthelela: I-Tungsten carbide ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-cobalt (Co) njenge-

i-binder, ehlinzeka ngezinga elithile lokuqina nokuvimbela ukuphuka okuphukayo.

III. Izici ze-Carbide Nozzle Structural Design

    1. I-Inner Bore Elula: Yehlisa ukuxokozela futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle koketshezi. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

    2. I-Bore Eqondile: Ilula futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ifanele ukubhoboza okuvamile.

    3. I-Venturi: Isakhiwo esiguquguqukayo sinyusa izinga lokugeleza futhi sithuthukise ukukhishwa kwe-chip.

    4. Osayizi Abahlukahlukene: I-diameter yangaphakathi ye-nozzle (imvamisa engu-6-16mm) ikhethwa ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokugeleza koketshezi lokumba kanye nesivinini somjovo esidingekayo.

    Idizayini Eshintshekayo: Asikho isidingo sokushintsha yonke i-drill bit ngemva kokuguga, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.

IV. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-tungsten carbide nozzles imi kanje:

    1. Ukupholisa Abasiki

Abasiki be-PDC drill bit bakhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa njengoba bezungeza ngesivinini esikhulu ukusika idwala.  Amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu angabangela i-carbonization kanye nokwehluleka kongqimba lwedayimane. I-high-pressure drilling fluid ekhishwe ku-tungsten carbide nozzle isusa ngokuqondile lokhu kushisa, igcine izinga lokushisa lokusika lingaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile   (ngokujwayelekile lingaphansi   700°C)                                                       .

    2. Ukuhlanza Izihlahla Zamadwala

Ukusikwa kwamadwala okukhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokusika kunganqwabelana eduze kwabasiki, kubangele "ukubhola kodaka" (ingxube yokusika kanye noketshezi lokumba olunamathela ku-drill bit), kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphuka kwamadwala. Ijethi eliwuketshezi elinesivinini esikhulu eliphuma emlonyeni lihlakaza ngokushesha futhi lisuse okusikiwe, ligcine ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi komsiki nedwala.

    3. Ukuphulwa Kwedwala Okusizwa Ngamanzi

Ijethi eliphuma ku-nozzle (ngesivinini esingafika ku-100-200 m/s) lithinta idwala, lidale imifantu ye-hydraulic. Lo mphumela we-synergistic, ohlangene nesenzo sokusika semishini sabasiki, kunciphisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwamadwala, ukwandisa kakhulu isivinini sokungena, ikakhulukazi ekwakhekeni okunzima.

V. Izicelo

Ama-nozzles e-Carbide asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

    1. Ukwakheka okuthambile kuye kokuqina okumaphakathi, okufana ne-shale ne-limestone, lapho kuphelelisa khona isenzo sokugunda esisebenzayo sezingcezu zokubhoboza ze-PDC.

    2.  Imithombo ejulile/evundlile idinga umfutho wokumpompa okuphezulu kanye nokulawula okunemba kwe-hydraulic, lapho ukwethembeka kwemibhobho ye-tungsten carbide kubalulekile.

    3.  Ukwakheka okuhubhuka kakhulu, okufana ne-quartz sandstone, kunikeza ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nemibhobho yensimbi ye-alloy evamile.