Fusion Welding: The Main Force of Industrial Welding
Fusion Welding: The Main Force of Industrial Welding
Fusion welding ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa welding chikamu. Nezvakanakira kukwanisa kujoinha marata akakora uye kuva nehigh weld simba, yave yakakosha tekinoroji muminda yakaita sesimbi zvimiro, midziyo yekumanikidza, uye kuvaka ngarava. Inosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai seyakavharidzirwa simbi arc welding (SMAW), gasi simbi arc welding (GMAW), uye laser welding, pakati payo maviri ekutanga "anowanzo shandiswa marudzi" mukugadzirwa kweindasitiri nekugadzirisa.
(I) Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): The Flexible uye Yakanaka "All-Rounder"
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye inochinjika welding nzira. Inonyungudutsa simbi kuburikidza nekupisa kwearc pakati pe electrode uye workpiece. Nezvishandiso zviri nyore uye zvikumbaridzo zvakaderera zvekushanda, inonyanya kukodzera pa-site kugadzirisa, single-piece / small-batch production, uye welding yezvivako zvakaoma.
1. Core Nheyo uye Kuumbwa Kwemidziyo
Nheyo: Iyo yekupfekedza kumucheto kwemberi kwe electrode inopisa kuita gasi rinodzivirira, rinoparadzanisa mweya. Iyo arc kupisa inonyungudutsa electrode musimboti uye workpiece kuumba dziva rakanyungudutswa. Mushure mekutonhora, zvakasara zvekuputira zvinoumba slag kuchengetedza weld simbi.
Zvishandiso: AC kana DC arc welding machine, welding electrode holder, welding electrodes (yakasarudzwa maererano nesimbi yepasi; semuenzaniso, E4303 electrodes inowanzoshandiswa kune yakaderera-carbon steel), uye midziyo yekudzivirira (welding helmet, insulated gloves, welding zvipfeko).
2. Mazano Anokosha Ekushanda
Pre-Welding Preparation: Electrodes inoda kuomeswa maererano nezvinodiwa (150-200 ° C ye-acidic electrodes, 350-400 ° C yemagetsi ekutanga). Bvisa mafuta, ngura, uye oxide chiyero kubva panzvimbo yebasa kudzivirira porosity; gadzirisa ikozvino maererano nekukora kweplate, kazhinji uchitevera musimboti we "10-15A pamm yendiro ukobvu" (semuenzaniso, 60-90A ye6mm gobvu simbi ndiro).
Welding Process: Ignite arc uchishandisa "scratching method" (yakafanana nekurova mechi) kana "touch method" (direct impact ye electrode pane workpiece). Dzora kureba kwearc pa 10-15mm (inenge 0.8-1.2 nguva ye electrode dhayamita); chengetedza kona ye 60-80 ° pakati pe electrode uye workpiece, uye famba pane imwe yunifomu inomhanya uchitevedza welding direction. Dzora saizi yedziva rakanyungudutswa kusvika 1.5-2 nguva yedhayamita ye electrode kudzivirira kusimbiswa kweweld kunokonzerwa nedziva rakakura kwazvo rakanyungudutswa kana kushaikwa kwekusanganiswa nekuda kwedziva diki rakanyungudutswa.
Post-Welding Treatment: Mushure mekutonhora, shandisa slag nyundo kuchenesa slag. Ongorora iyo weld surface yehurema hwakaita seporosity, undercut, uye slag kubatanidzwa. Ita bvunzo dzisiri dzekuparadza kana zvichidikanwa.
3. Mashandisirwo Anowanzoitwa uye Zvisingakwanisi
Mamiriro ekushandisa: Zvivako zvesimbi zvekuvaka, kugadzirisa kwepombi, mekiniki chikamu chewelding, kuvakwa kwebhiriji, nezvimwewo, zvakanyanya kukodzera mamiriro ekunze kana ayo asina akagadziriswa magetsi.
Zvisingakwanisi: Low welding performance (manual operation), weld quality inobatwa zvakanyanya neunyanzvi hwemushandisi, uye haina kukodzera zvinhu zviri nyore oxidized zvakadai sealuminium alloys uye simbi dzisina tsvina.
