Cold Forging is also called cold forming or cold heading. It deforms metal while it is below its recrystallization point. Cold forging is the simplest method when dealing with soft metals, such as aluminum but can be achieved with hard metals like steel too. This process is usually more economical than hot forging and the final product requires very less or no finishing work. 

The Process of Cold Forging 

Although the process uses the word cold, cold forging is going at or near room temperature. The most common metals used for cold forging are usually standard or carbon alloy steels. A very common type of cold forging is called impression-die forging. During this impression-die process, the metal is placed into a die, typically a carbide die, that is attached to an anvil. Factories usually use this way to produce tungsten carbide drawing dies and tungsten carbide heading dies.

The metal is inserted by a hammer and forced into the die, forming the desired part. The hammer may strike the part multiple times rapidly to form the product.

Why choose cold forging?

Manufacturers may choose cold forging over hot forging for a number of reasons. 

1. Cold forged parts require very little or no finishing work. Removing this step from the fabrication process can save the manufacturer money. 

2. Cold forging also creates fewer contamination problems, and the final product features a better overall surface finish.

Advantages of cold forging

Easier to impart directional properties

Improved interchangeability 

Improved reproducibility

Increased dimensional control

Handles high stress and high die loads

Produces net shape or near-net shape parts

Disadvantages of cold forging

Easier to impart directional properties

Improved interchangeability

Increased dimensional control

Handles high stress and high die loads

Produces net shape or near-net shape parts

The metal surfaces must be clean and free of scale before forging occurs

The metal is less ductile

Residual stress may occur

Heavier and more powerful equipment is needed

Stronger tooling is required

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